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The '''Bloomberg L.P.''' is an American privately held financial information, media, software, and data company. Founded in 1981 by [[Michael Bloomberg]], [[Thomas Secunda]], [[Duncan MacMillan]], and [[Charles Zegar]], the company is headquartered in New York City. Bloomberg L.P. was established to provide real-time financial data and analytics to investment professionals through the '''Bloomberg Terminal''', which has become one of the most widely used financial information systems in global capital markets. The company received early financial backing from [[Merrill Lynch]], which helped accelerate the commercial adoption of its technology. Over the following decades, Bloomberg expanded from a specialized market data provider into a diversified multinational enterprise serving the global financial services industry.
The '''MSCI Inc.''' is an American financial services company specializing in investment research, stock market indices, portfolio analytics, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings, and risk management solutions. Headquartered in [[[[wikipedia:New York|New York]] City]], the company traces its origins to the '''Capital International Indices''', developed during the late 1960s by Capital Group. Morgan Stanley acquired the licensing rights to these indices in 1986, leading to the creation of '''Morgan Stanley Capital International''' (MSCI). In 2007, MSCI became an independent publicly traded company following its spin-off from [[Morgan Stanley]]. The company is listed on the [[[[wikipedia:New York|New York]] Stock Exchange]] under the ticker symbol '''MSCI''' and is a constituent of the [[S&P 500]].


The company's flagship product, the '''Bloomberg Terminal''', integrates real-time market data, historical datasets, news, analytics, charting tools, portfolio management, electronic trading capabilities, and secure communication services through the '''Bloomberg Message''' system. The terminal covers a broad range of asset classes, including equities, fixed income, foreign exchange, commodities, derivatives, and cryptocurrencies. It is widely used by investment banks, commercial banks, asset managers, hedge funds, insurance companies, pension funds, sovereign wealth funds, corporations, central banks, regulators, and government agencies for investment analysis, risk management, market surveillance, and trading operations.
MSCI is best known for developing and maintaining benchmark indices that measure the performance of equity markets across developed, emerging, and frontier economies. Its best-known products include the '''MSCI World Index''', '''MSCI All Country World Index''' (ACWI), '''MSCI Emerging Markets Index''', '''MSCI EAFE Index''' (Europe, Australasia, and Far East), and numerous country, regional, sectoral, thematic, factor, and fixed-income indices. The company generally employs '''free-float market capitalization''' weighting and transparent, rules-based methodologies to ensure that its benchmarks accurately represent investable markets. MSCI indices serve as the basis for trillions of U.S. dollars in assets managed through exchange-traded funds (ETFs), index mutual funds, institutional mandates, and derivative products.


Beyond financial data services, Bloomberg operates one of the world's largest business news organizations. '''Bloomberg News''' employs journalists across numerous countries and provides coverage of financial markets, economics, politics, technology, energy, healthcare, and international affairs. The company also owns '''Bloomberg Television''', '''Bloomberg Radio''', '''Bloomberg Businessweek''', and several digital media platforms serving professional and general audiences. In addition, Bloomberg develops financial benchmarks through '''Bloomberg Index Services Limited''', offers enterprise data management and pricing services, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) analytics, and operates electronic trading and execution platforms that support institutional market participants.
Beyond index services, MSCI provides a comprehensive suite of investment decision-support tools through its analytics, risk management, and sustainability businesses. Its offerings include portfolio construction and optimization, performance attribution, multi-asset risk modeling, climate risk analysis, private asset data, real estate analytics, and ESG ratings and research. The company's ESG and climate products are widely used by institutional investors, asset managers, pension funds, sovereign wealth funds, regulators, and corporations to assess sustainability-related risks, support responsible investment strategies, and comply with evolving disclosure requirements.


Bloomberg L.P. serves clients in more than 170 countries and is regarded as one of the world's leading providers of financial information, analytics, and market infrastructure. The company competes with organizations such as [[S&P Global]], [[London Stock Exchange Group]], [[MSCI Inc.]], [[FactSet]], [[Morningstar, Inc.]], and [[Refinitiv]]. Bloomberg's products are extensively used by financial institutions, multinational corporations, governments, academic researchers, and policymakers for market research, investment decision-making, economic forecasting, and regulatory compliance. Its combination of proprietary financial data, advanced analytics, global news coverage, and technology solutions has established Bloomberg as one of the most influential companies in the international financial services industry.
MSCI serves clients in more than 100 countries and is regarded as one of the world's leading providers of investment intelligence and benchmark indices. Its products are extensively used by asset managers, banks, insurers, wealth managers, and financial advisers for [[asset allocation]], portfolio benchmarking, passive investment, and risk management. Together with organizations such as [[S&P Global]], [[FTSE Russell]], [[Bloomberg L.P.]], [[Moody's]], and the [[London Stock Exchange Group]], MSCI forms a key component of the global financial markets infrastructure by providing standardized benchmarks, investment analytics, and market intelligence for international capital markets.
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