User contributions for WikiSysopIG

09:5609:56, 17 August 2026 diff hist +4,666 N Sortino ratio Created page with "'''Sortino ratio''' is a risk-adjusted return measure that evaluates the return of an investment relative to its downside risk. Unlike the Sharpe ratio, which uses total volatility, the Sortino ratio focuses on returns below a specified target or minimum acceptable return. ==Calculation== The Sortino ratio is commonly calculated as: <math> \text{Sortino Ratio} = \frac{R_p-R_t} {\sigma_d} </math> where: * <math>R_p</math> = portfolio..." current
09:5509:55, 17 August 2026 diff hist +7,869 N Capital asset pricing model Created page with "'''Capital asset pricing model''' ('''CAPM''') is a model in financial economics that describes the relationship between the expected return of an asset and its systematic risk. It is commonly used in asset pricing, portfolio management, corporate finance, and the estimation of the cost of equity. The model states that the expected return o..." current
09:5409:54, 17 August 2026 diff hist +6,817 N Risk-adjusted return Created page with "'''Risk-adjusted return''' is a measure of investment performance that evaluates the return generated by an investment relative to the amount or type of risk undertaken to achieve that return. It allows investors to compare investments with different levels of risk rather than considering returns alone. A simplified representation is: <math> \text{Risk-Adjusted Return} = \frac{\text{Investment Return}} {\text{Measure of Risk}} </math> The appropriate measure of ri..." current
09:5409:54, 17 August 2026 diff hist +6,831 N Risk-free rate Created page with "'''Risk-free rate''' is the theoretical rate of return on an investment that is assumed to have no risk of financial loss over a specified period. It is commonly used as a reference rate in financial economics, portfolio management, asset pricing, and risk-adjusted performance measurement. In practice, a truly risk-free investment does not exist. Financial analysts therefore..." current
09:5309:53, 17 August 2026 diff hist +6,204 N Sharpe ratio Created page with "'''Sharpe ratio''' is a risk-adjusted return measure that evaluates the excess return generated by an investment relative to the risk-free rate in relation to the volatility of the investment's returns. It was developed by William F. Sharpe. The Sharpe ratio is commonly used to compare the risk-adjusted performance of investment portfolios, funds, and securities. ==Calculation== The Sharpe ratio is commonly calculate..." current
09:5109:51, 17 August 2026 diff hist +213 Information ratio →Information ratio and Sharpe ratio current
09:5009:50, 17 August 2026 diff hist +5,855 N Information ratio Created page with "'''Information ratio''' ('''IR''') is a measure of the risk-adjusted performance of an investment portfolio relative to its benchmark. It compares the average active return generated by a portfolio with the variability of those active returns, commonly measured by tracking error. ==Calculation== The information ratio is commonly calculated as: <math> \text{Information Ratio} = \frac{\text{Average Active..."
09:4909:49, 17 August 2026 diff hist +4,581 N Active return Created page with "'''Active return''' is the difference between the return of an investment portfolio and the return of its benchmark over a specified period. It measures whether a portfolio has outperformed or underperformed its benchmark. ==Calculation== Active return is calculated as: <math> \text{Active Return} = \text{Portfolio Return} - \text{Benchmark Return} </math> or, for period <math>t</math>: <math> A_t = R_{p,t} - R_{b,t} </math> where: * <m..." current
09:4709:47, 17 August 2026 diff hist +6,097 N Tracking error Created page with "'''Tracking error''' is a measure of the difference between the performance of an investment portfolio or fund and the performance of its benchmark. It is commonly used to evaluate how closely a portfolio follows the return characteristics of its benchmark. Tracking error is particularly relevant to passive investment strategies, index funds, and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), wher..." current
09:4709:47, 17 August 2026 diff hist +8,693 N Russell US Indexes Created page with "'''Russell US Indexes''' are a family of stock market indices designed to measure the performance of different segments of the United States equity market. They are maintained by FTSE Russell, a subsidiary of the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG), and use rules-based methodologies based primarily on market capitalization, investability, and other eligibility criteria. The Russell US Indexes provide benchmarks for large-capitalization,..." current
09:4609:46, 17 August 2026 diff hist +163 Russell 1000 →Russell Top 200 current
09:4409:44, 17 August 2026 diff hist −860 Russell 1000 No edit summary Tag: Visual edit
09:4309:43, 17 August 2026 diff hist +10,629 N Russell 1000 Created page with "'''Russell 1000''' is a stock market index that measures the performance of approximately 1,000 of the largest eligible companies in the United States by market capitalization. It is part of the Russell US Indexes and is calculated and maintained by FTSE Russell, a subsidiary of the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG). ([lseg.com](https://www.lseg.com/en/ftse-russell/indices/russell-us/russell-1000)) The Russell 1000 is widely used..." Tag: Visual edit: Switched
08:4108:41, 17 August 2026 diff hist −38 FTSE UK Index Series No edit summary current Tag: Visual edit
08:4008:40, 17 August 2026 diff hist −36 FTSE Fledgling No edit summary current Tag: Visual edit
08:3908:39, 17 August 2026 diff hist −4 FTSE UK Index Series No edit summary Tag: Visual edit
08:3808:38, 17 August 2026 diff hist +7,238 N FTSE All-Small Created page with "'''FTSE All-Small''' is a stock market index within the FTSE UK Index Series that represents the smaller-capitalisation segment of the UK equity market. It combines the constituents of the FTSE SmallCap and FTSE Fledgling indices and therefore provides broader coverage of smaller UK-listed companies than either index individually. The FTSE All-Small is calculated and maintained by FTSE Russell, part of the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG)...." current Tag: Visual edit
08:3508:35, 17 August 2026 diff hist +5,807 N Free float Created page with "'''Free float''' refers to the proportion of a company's outstanding shares that is considered available for trading by investors in the public market. It excludes shares that are restricted from public trading or held in strategic positions, subject to the rules and methodology used to determine investability. Free float is an important concept in stock market indices because index providers may use free-float-adjusted market capitalization r..." current Tag: Visual edit
08:3308:33, 17 August 2026 diff hist +8,864 N FTSE Fledgling Created page with "'''FTSE Fledgling''' is a stock market index within the FTSE UK Index Series that represents companies eligible for inclusion in the FTSE UK Index Series but too small to qualify for inclusion in the FTSE All-Share Index. It is calculated and maintained by FTSE Russell, part of the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG). :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0} The FTSE Fledgling therefore represents a segment of smaller UK-listed companies below the si..." Tag: Visual edit
08:3208:32, 17 August 2026 diff hist +8,152 N FTSE SmallCap Created page with "'''FTSE SmallCap''' is a stock market index within the FTSE UK Index Series that represents smaller eligible companies in the UK equity market that are included in the FTSE All-Share Index but are not large enough to qualify for the FTSE 350. It is calculated and maintained by FTSE Russell, part of the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG). The FTSE SmallCap provides exposure to the smaller-capitalisation segment of companies listed on the L..." Tag: Visual edit
08:3008:30, 17 August 2026 diff hist +7,807 N FTSE All-Share Index Created page with "'''FTSE All-Share Index''' is a stock market index designed to represent the broad performance of companies listed on the London Stock Exchange that meet the eligibility requirements of the FTSE UK Index Series. It combines the FTSE 100, FTSE 250, and FTSE SmallCap indices and provides broad coverage of the UK equity market. The FTSE All-Share is maintained and calculated by FTSE Russell, part of the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG)..." current Tag: Visual edit
08:2908:29, 17 August 2026 diff hist +6,668 N FTSE 350 Created page with "'''FTSE 350''' is a stock market index that represents the combined performance of the constituents of the FTSE 100 and FTSE 250 indices. It therefore comprises 350 large- and mid-capitalisation companies that meet the applicable size, liquidity, and other eligibility requirements of the FTSE UK Index Series. The index is calculated and maintained by FTSE Russell. The FTSE 350 provides broader exposure to the large- and mid-cap segments of the U..." Tag: Visual edit
08:2708:27, 17 August 2026 diff hist −560 FTSE UK Index Series No edit summary Tag: Visual edit
08:2608:26, 17 August 2026 diff hist +9,452 N FTSE UK Index Series Created page with "'''FTSE UK Index Series''' is a family of stock market indices designed to represent the performance of companies and securities across different capitalisation and industry segments of the United Kingdom equity market. The series is calculated and maintained by FTSE Russell, which is wholly owned by the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG). :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0} The FTSE UK Index Series includes major UK equity bench..."
08:2508:25, 17 August 2026 diff hist +6,499 N FTSE 250 Created page with "'''FTSE 250''' is a stock market index that represents the performance of 250 companies listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) that rank immediately below the constituents of the FTSE 100 by market capitalization, subject to the index's eligibility and classification rules. The FTSE 250 is widely regarded as a benchmark for the performance of medium-sized companies in the United Kingdom. It is maintained by FTSE Russell, a subsi..." current

00:1300:13, 10 August 2026 diff hist −3 Distributed ledger technology →Blockchain and distributed ledger technology current
00:1100:11, 10 August 2026 diff hist +12,138 N Distributed ledger technology Created page with "'''Distributed ledger technology''' ('''DLT''') refers to technologies that enable records or data to be shared, synchronized, and maintained across multiple participants or locations in a network without necessarily relying on a single centralized database. DLT can use distributed databases, cryptographic techniques, consensus mechanisms, and other technologies to maintain a shared record among participating entities. Blockchain is a type of distributed ledger..."

23:3023:30, 9 August 2026 diff hist +19 N Category:Blockchain Created page with "Category:Blockchain" current
23:2923:29, 9 August 2026 diff hist +38 N Category:Distributed ledger technology Created page with "Category:Distributed ledger technology" current
23:2923:29, 9 August 2026 diff hist +29 N Category:Financial technology Created page with "Category:Financial technology" current
23:2923:29, 9 August 2026 diff hist +13,597 N Blockchain Created page with "'''Blockchain''' is a type of distributed ledger technology (DLT) in which transactions or other records are grouped into blocks and linked sequentially using cryptographic techniques. A blockchain is maintained by a network of computers according to a defined protocol for validating, recording, and synchronizing data. Blockchain technology can be used to maintain shared records without relying on a single centralized database admin..." current
23:2823:28, 9 August 2026 diff hist +23 N Category:Cryptocurrency Created page with "Category:Cryptocurrency" current
23:2723:27, 9 August 2026 diff hist +14,070 N Cryptocurrency Created page with "'''Cryptocurrency''' is a type of digital asset that uses cryptographic techniques and distributed ledger technology (DLT) or similar technology to record, secure, and transfer ownership or transaction information. Cryptocurrencies are generally privately issued rather than issued by a central bank or government. The term is commonly used for digital assets that operate through decentralized or di..."
23:2523:25, 9 August 2026 diff hist +11,160 N Financial technology Created page with "'''Financial technology''' ('''FinTech''' or '''fintech''') refers to the use of technology to provide, automate, improve, or transform financial products, services, processes, and infrastructure. Financial technology encompasses software, digital platforms, data systems, communications networks, and other technologies used across banking, payments, lending, investment, insurance, capital markets, and financial management. The term can refer both to technologies use..." current
23:2523:25, 9 August 2026 diff hist +27 N Category:Electronic trading Created page with "Category:Electronic trading" current
23:2523:25, 9 August 2026 diff hist +10,537 N Electronic trading Created page with "'''Electronic trading''' is the use of computer networks, electronic communication systems, and digital platforms to facilitate the buying and selling of financial instruments and other tradable assets. It allows market participants to submit, route, match, execute, and manage orders electronically without requiring direct participation through traditional physical trading venues. Electronic trading is widely used in stock markets, Bond market|bon..." current
23:2123:21, 9 August 2026 diff hist +32 N Category:Insolvency law of India Created page with "Category:Insolvency law of India" current
23:2123:21, 9 August 2026 diff hist +5,579 Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India No edit summary current
23:1923:19, 9 August 2026 diff hist −442 Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 No edit summary Tag: Visual edit
23:1823:18, 9 August 2026 diff hist +8,563 Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 No edit summary
03:1203:12, 9 August 2026 diff hist −780 Wiki@IndraStra:Copyright Redirected page to Wiki@IndraStra:Copyrights current Tag: New redirect
00:3600:36, 9 August 2026 diff hist +344 Wiki@IndraStra:Copyrights No edit summary current
00:3600:36, 9 August 2026 diff hist +9,106 N Property technology Created page with "'''Property technology''' ('''PropTech''') refers to the use of technology, software, digital platforms, and data-driven systems to develop, manage, transact, finance, and use real estate and property-related assets. Property technology encompasses technologies used across residential, commercial, industrial, and other forms of real estate. It can affect activities including property search, leasing, sales, property management, constructio..." current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
00:2100:21, 9 August 2026 diff hist +819 N Wiki@IndraStra:Copyright Created page with "All site content is available for "Free of Charge", except where otherwise noted, and is licensed under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License]. Unless otherwise noted, this license permits users to share the site's content for non-commercial purposes, provided that appropriate attribution is given and the material is not modified. Content identified as being subject to a..."
00:1000:10, 9 August 2026 diff hist −2 World Bank Group No edit summary current Tag: Visual edit
00:0900:09, 9 August 2026 diff hist +8,562 N World Bank Group Created page with "'''World Bank Group''' ('''WBG''') is a group of five international financial institutions that provide financing, technical assistance, research, and other forms of support to developing countries. The group focuses on areas including poverty reduction, economic development, infrastructure, human capital, environmental sustainability, and private-sector development. The World Bank Group is headquartered in Washington, D.C. and operates through five institutions..."
00:0800:08, 9 August 2026 diff hist +9,009 N Bretton Woods Agreement Created page with "'''Bretton Woods Agreement''' refers to the international monetary arrangements established at the Bretton Woods Conference held in July 1944 in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States. The agreements established a framework for international monetary cooperation after World War II and contributed to the creation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), which later became part o..." current
00:0500:05, 9 August 2026 diff hist +5,063 N West Texas Intermediate Created page with "'''West Texas Intermediate''' ('''WTI''') is a grade of crude oil produced primarily in the United States and widely used as a benchmark for crude-oil prices. WTI is commonly associated with the West Texas region and is traded in major financial and physical energy markets. WTI is characterized by relatively low density and low sulfur content. It is therefore generally classified as a '''light, sweet crude oil'''. ==Characteristics== WTI is commo..." current

14:1714:17, 8 August 2026 diff hist +32 N Category:Artificial intelligence Created page with "Category:Artificial intelligence" current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
14:1714:17, 8 August 2026 diff hist −4 Hallucination (artificial intelligence) No edit summary current Tag: Visual edit

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8 August 2026